Thursday, 02 May 2019
- Bold Soul Sisters – Tribute to the unsung heroines of ’70s-early 80s funk, soul, disco, and rare groove music. Features audio, pictures, links, and quasi-biographies on female artists that are difficult to find.
- The Breaks Sample Directory – This site acts as an extensive resource on funk and hip hop music. It traces all the connections between hip hop and funk primarily via the use of samples. Use this site as a tool for lookinking up all the heavy funk samples as used by your favorite hip hop artists. Or do a reverse search and see how many people sampled the original funk music.
- Chilly’s Vibes – The best music of the 60’s,70’s and 80’s. Soul,Funk,R&B,Disco,Soft Rock,Oldies,Classic Jazz,and Old School.
- ColdGrits: Struttin deep funk & raw soul – Dutch site promoting deep funk & raw soul. Information about deep funk events and related styles.
- Culture Universe – Ben Roberts place: Funk, Jazz, Easy listening, cheesy 1970s culture, James Last, Klaus Wunderlich, Herbie Hancock, Loungecore, cheesy music, music and society.
- Deepfunk – News and reviews from within the rare groove funk45 club scene, including new discoveries and interviews with DJs and musicians, message board, and chat room.
- Downstroke Showband – Official home of Toronto’s premier Showband that performs authentic R&B funk soul and old school dance
- The Funk Centre – Online community portal and resource for all things funk and soul.
- Funk Live Music – If you like funk live music then you’ll find lots of info on live funk shows and live funk radio on the net right here.
- The Funk Palace – Comprehensive resource including modern bands, old-school bands, links to other funk resources, and pictures.
- FUNK 45’s – Over 2000 audio clips of rare funk and soul 45rpm singles recorded in the late 60s and early 70s with regular contributions from the world’s top funk DJs and collectors.
- Funk-Fu – This is an oasis of many «to the point» Funk music and Kung Fu movie reviews. Check out this groove pocket in the funky universe.
- FunkMasterJ’s Pad – Funk music, Blaxploitation movies, and Toasts (Black oral folk poetry).
- FunkToTheMax – Everything you ever wanted to know about funk. Featuring information on old school and new school funk.
- Funkville.net – Pays tribute to the great musicians and composers of funk music. Contains MIDI and MP# versions of classic funk songs from the early 70’s to the present day.
- Funky and Groovy Music Records Lexikon – Reference guide and discographies of thousands of LPs, 45s, and CDs, and pictures of rare LP covers and 45 labels.
- Gedup.com – Exploring funky, soulful & groovy music through articles, reviews and discussion boards.
- Godfather James Brown – This site is dedicated to the history and music of James Brown the godfather of funk and soul.
- Jahsonic: Funk – Hyperlinked definition with cross-referenced influences books, images, and list of bands.
- MealsForWheels – Mealsforwheels.com is the home of Funk-DJ, Vinyl-Junkie and Producer Mr. Maru from Germany.
- The Motherpage – Makin’ Your Funk The P-Funk – Comprehensive P-Funk discography with lyrics, and album covers.
- New Funk Times – Commented links to websites about P.Funk artists like George Clinton, Parliament, Funkadelic, and about funk and hip hop in general.
- P*FUNK Review – Black Music/Culture web site. Funk, Soul and R&B artists. Related Political, Social and historical perspective/context. Essays, Album/Book reviews
- The Power of Funky – Labels, history, artist tributes and discographies, lyrics, MP3 and funk links.
- Cursorminer – Cyber funk. MP3s and real audio streaming.
- Curveball Records: The home of «Passenger» – Curveball Records: The home of Passenger, A vehicle for Eclectic, Electric, jazz influenced Rhythm and Blues.
- Deeperwiderhigher – UK based urban jazz/funk fusion band. News, photographs, and merchandise ordering.
- Dodgey Practice – Funk Soul Band – A professional funk soul band based in Devon, UK, performing funky soul music. Features music clips, photos, and band and contact information.
- Emerald Soul Music – A band that plays pop, jazz funk, and original music. Includes pictures, free mp3s, and band profile.
- Faberge Eggs – History, photographs, and links to MP3s of the Ukrainian funk rock band.
- Filet of Soul – Funky folk-rock band from the Athens/Atlanta, GA area. Includes information on shows, news, audio samples, and lyrics.
- Funktelligence – The internet home of the band Funktelligence.
- Funky Presidents – Band from southern Germany. Performance dates and MP3s.
- Funkydown Recordings – Independent Record Label / Production company. Artists include Dr.Rubberfunk and Mr G. Design-led website with release news, events, mp3 and video content.
- Go-sub – Four piece funk band from Blackburn, England.
- Groovy Pastes, The – Funky soul and disco Greek band. Lyrics, photos
- Dave’s Records – Collector featuring soul, funk, jazz, and hip hop vinyl for sale.
- Dead Dog Records – New 1950’s and 1960’s doo-wop, soul, and R&B CDs.
- Forevermore Music and Records – Specializing in beach music, R&B, soul, and smooth jazz. News, artist schedules, and links. Ordering via email.
- Funk Is Here Records – Offers used rare funk and jazz funk LPs, 45s and CDs.
- Goldmine Soul Supply – 60’s and 70’s, Northern, and modern soul CDs, vinyl, video, and books.
- Judy’s House of Oldies – Specializing in beach music, oldies, Carolina dance music and Shag.
Funk is a distinct style of music originated by African-Americans, e.g., James Brown and his band members (especially Maceo and Melvin Parker), and groups like The Meters. Funk best can be recognized by its syncopated three against four rhythms; thick bass line (often based on an «on the one» beat); razor-sharp rhythm guitars; chanted or hollered vocals (as that of Marva Whitney or the Bar-Kays); strong, rhythm-oriented horn sections; prominent percussion; an upbeat attitude; African tones; danceability; and strong jazz influences (e.g., as in the music of Miles Davis, Herbie Hancock, George Duke, Eddie Harris, and others). Parliament Funkadelic took Funk to a whole new level.
Compared to funk’s predecessor, the soul music of 1960s, funk typically uses more complex rhythms, while song structures are usually simpler. Often, the structure of a funk song consists of just one or two riffs. Sometimes the point at which one riff changes to another becomes the highlight of a song. The soul dance music of its day, the basic idea of funk was to create as intense a groove as possible.
One of the most distinctive features of funk music is the role played by bass guitar. Before soul music, bass was rarely prominent in popular music. Players like the legendary Motown bassist James Jamerson brought bass to the forefront, and funk built on that foundation, with melodic basslines often being the centerpiece of songs. Notable funk bassists include George Porter, Jr., Bootsy Collins and Larry Graham of Sly & the Family Stone. Graham is often credited with inventing the percussive «slap bass technique,» which was further developed by later bassists and became a distictive element of funk.
Some of the best known and most skillful soloists in funk have jazz backgrounds. Trombonist Fred Wesley and saxophonist Maceo Parker are among the most notable musicians in the funk music genre, both having worked with James Brown and George Clinton. Jazz was, in turn, strongly influenced by funk in the 1970s, beginning with Miles Davis, the founder of the jazz fusion movement.
In funk bands, guitarists typically play in a percussive style. «Dead» or muted notes often are used in riffs to strengthen percussive elements. Jimi Hendrix was the pioneer of funk rock and his improvised other-worldly solos influenced Eddie Hazel of Funkadelic. Eddie Hazel, who later worked with George Clinton is one of the most notable guitar soloists in funk. Jimmy Nolen and Phelps Collins are famous funk rhythm guitarists who both worked with James Brown.
Look up funk in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.The word «funk», once defined in dictionaries as body odor or the smell of sexual intercourse, commonly has been regarded as coarse or indecent. African-American musicians originally applied «funk» to music with a slow, mellow groove, then later with a hard-driving, insistent rhythm because of the word’s association with sexual intercourse. This early form of the music set the pattern for later musicians. The music was slow, sexy, loose, riff-oriented and danceable. Funky typically described these qualities. In jam sessions, musicians would encourage one another to «get down» by telling one another, «Now, put some stank (‘stink’/funk) on it!» At least as early as the 1930s, jazz songs carried titles such as Buddy Bolden’s Funky Butt. As late as the 1950s and early 1960s, when «funk» and «funky» were used increasingly in the context of soul music, the terms still were considered indelicate and inappropriate for use in polite company.
The distinctive characteristics of African-American musical expression are rooted in West African musical traditions, and find their earliest expression in spirituals, work chants/songs, praise shouts, gospel and blues. In more contemporary music, gospel, blues and blues extensions and jazz often flow together seamlessly. Funky music is an amalgam of soul music, soul jazz and R&B.
Only with the innovations of James Brown in the late 1960s was funk regarded as a distinct genre. In the R&B tradition, these tightly rehearsed bands created an instantly recognizable style, overlaid with catchy, anthemic vocals. Often cueing his band with the command, «On the one!» Brown changed the rhythmic emphasis from the two-four beat of traditional soul music to a one-three emphasis previously associated with white musical forms — but with a hard-driving, brassy swing. This pumping, one-three beat became a signature of classic funk. While James Brown’s 1965 Top 10 King Records hit «Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag» is widely presumed to be the song that paved way for the funk genre, much of Brown’s work in 1965 and 1966, though remarkable, still maintained the rhythms and approach found in earlier records. It was the #1 R&B hits «Cold Sweat» in 1967, «I Got The Feelin'» and «Say It Loud, I’m Black And I’m Proud» in 1968 that further defined the feel of funk. R&B #1’s «Give It Up Or Turn It Loose» and «Mother Popcorn» in 1969 continued to solidify the tight rhythms, riffs and grooves for which funk music is known, setting the standard for James Brown’s future work and the rising wave of funk to come in the 1970s.
Other musical groups picked up on the riffs, rhythms, and vocal style innovated by James Brown and his band, and the style began to grow. Dyke & the Blazers based in Phoenix, Arizona released «Funky Broadway» in 1967, perhaps the first record to have «funky» in the title. Meanwhile, on the West Coast, Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band were releasing funk tracks beginning with their first album in 1967, culminating in their classic single «Express Yourself» in 1970. The Meters defined funk in New Orleans starting with their Top Ten R&B hits «Sophisticated Cissy» and «Cissy Strut» in 1969. Another group who would define funk in the decade to come were The Isley Brothers whose funky 1969 #1 R&B hit, «It’s Your Thing», signaled a breakthrough in black music bridging the gaps of the rock of Jimi Hendrix and the upbeat soul of Sly & the Family Stone.
In the 1970s, a new group of musicians further developed the «funk rock» approach innovated by Jimi Hendrix. George Clinton, with his bands Parliament and, later, Funkadelic, produced a new kind of funk sound heavily influenced by jazz and psychedelic music. The two groups had members in common and often are referred to singly as «Parliament-Funkadelic.» The breakout popularity of Parliament-Funkadelic gave rise to the term «P-Funk,» which both referred to the music by George Clinton’s bands and defined a new subgenre.
George Clinton with rainbow dreads at the VH1 Fashion Awards.»P-funk» also came to mean something in its quintessence, of superior quality, or sui generis, as in the lyrics from «P-Funk,» a hit single from Parliament’s album «Mothership Connection»:
«I want the bomb. I want the P-Funk. I want my funk uncut.»
The 1970s was probably the era of highest mainstream visibility for funk music. Other prominent funk bands of the period included Earth, Wind & Fire, Bootsy’s Rubber Band, The Meters, Tower of Power, Ohio Players, The Commodores, War, Kool & the Gang, Confunkshun, Slave, Cameo, Midnight Star, Lakeside, the Bar-Kays, Betty Davis, Zapp, and many more.
Two bands in particular, Earth, Wind & Fire and Tower of Power, took the rythmic power of funk and added to it more complex song forms, combined with large scale instrumentation — large horn sections, latin percussion, numerous capable soloists. These bands sold many records and brought the funk ethos to a larger audience.
Already, in late 1960s, many jazz musicians — among them Horace Silver, Herbie Hancock (with his Headhunters band), Grover Washington, Jr., and Cannonball Adderley, Les McCann and Eddie Harris — had begun to combine jazz and funk. Sometimes this approach is called «jazz-funk». Additionally, in the late 1960s work of Miles Davis (with girlfriend/wife Betty Davis) and Tony Williams helped to create Jazz fusion and influnced funk.
Funk music was exported to Africa in the late 1960s, and melded with African singing and rhythms to form Afrobeat. Fela Kuti was a Nigerian musician who is credited with creating the music and terming it «Afrobeat».
Disco music owed a great deal to funk. Many early disco songs and performers came directly from funk-oriented backgrounds.
In the 1980s, many of the core elements that formed the foundation of the P-Funk formula began to be usurped by machines. Horns were replaced by synths, effectively phasing out horn sections, and the horns that remained were simplified from the patterns and hooks of the earlier funk sound. Horn solos were out. The classic keyboards of funk, like the Hammond B3 organ and the Fender Rhodes piano began to be replaced by the brash sound of new digital synthesizers like the Yamaha DX7. Drum machines began to replace the «funky drummers» of the past, and the slap and pop style of bass playing began to fall out of favor, often replaced by thinner sounding and rhythmically simpler keyboard bass. The lyrics and hooks of funk began to change from often suggestive and using double entendre to more graphic and sexually explicit. Rick James was the first funkateer of the 80s to assume the funk mantle dominated by P-Funk in the 70s. His 1981 album Street Songs with the singles «Give It To Me Baby» and «Super Freak» resulted in James becoming a bit of a rock star, and paved the way for the future direction of explicitness in funk. Prince, using a stripped-down instrumentation similar to Rick James, went on to have as much of an impact on the sound of funk as any one artist since James Brown. Prince combined eroticism, technology, an increasing musical complexity, and an outrageous image and stage show to ultimately create a musical world as ambitious and imaginative as P-Funk or The Beatles. The Time, originally conceived as an opening act for Prince and based on his «Minneapolis sound», went on to define their own style of stripped-down funk based on tight musicianship and sexual themes.
Bands that began during the 1970s P-Funk era incorporated some of the uninhibited sexuality of Prince and state-of-the-art technological developments to continue to craft funk hits. Cameo, Zapp, The Gap Band, The Bar-Kays, and The Dazz Band all found their biggest hits in the 80s, but by the latter half of the 80s, funk had lost its commercial impact.
Afrika Bambaataa influenced by Kraftwerk created «Electro Funk», a minimalist machine-driven style of funk with his single «Planet Rock» in 1982. Also known simply as Electro, this style of funk was driven by synthesizers and the electronic rhythm of the TR-808 drum machine. The single «Renegades of Funk» followed in 1983.


